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Green nanotech can give renewables a push: University of Sheffield researchers are pioneering sustainable applications with nanomaterials including silica and graphene to boost the performance of solar panels and water treatment, according to a study (pdf). The studies aim to support scalable, eco-friendly production processes by developing enhanced nanomaterials with minimized environmental impact.
How does this affect the green industry? Metal-based nanostructured materials have emerged as a promising solution for the increasing demand for clean and renewable energy sources. Nanomaterials are currently being used in commercial applications, including environmental remediation, sensors, and energy storage and conversion devices, and experts believe there is huge potential for expanding their applications.
About some of the nanomaterials: Silica, a compound of silicon and oxygen, is one of the most mass-produced nanomaterials globally. These tiny particles, often 10k smaller than the width of a human hair, outperform their larger counterparts, making them invaluable in materials science. However, their production usually involves hazardous chemicals, posing environmental challenges. Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice known for its excellent conductivity and has various applications in electronics, energy storage, and biomedicine. However, the process of producing it is quite energy-intensive.
The challenge: Despite widespread use, traditional manufacturing methods are energy-intensive and produce harmful waste. For Silica, the Sheffield team addresses these issues by developing bio-inspired silica, which mimics natural processes and can be made under mild conditions.
Similar efforts have been in the works: Researchers have also used plant extracts in nanoparticle synthesis, according to a study. These plant-based methods reduce toxicity and offer better control over the size and shape of the nanoparticles. Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is another area gaining traction, with fungi and bacteria being used to produce metal nanoparticles through biotechnological methods. Due to their rapid growth and ability to survive in various environmental conditions, these microorganisms offer a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to traditional methods.
